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Introduction: Deep carious lesions on primary teeth usually cause rapid infectious changes in pulp. Bacteria and their byproducts play a key role in the initiation of pulpal and periapical pathosis. Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair (LSTR) therapy is done in pulpally involved carious teeth with poor prognosis. Traditional LSTR therapy advocates for no-instrumentation, whereas minimum instrumentation technique have shown better outcomes.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of LSTR therapy with minimum and no-instrumentation techniques using mixture of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (augmentin) and metronidazole as antibiotic paste.

Methodology: Sixty-eight primary molars (34 in each technique) from 44 children of age group five to twelve years were included in the study. The primary molars were treated with mixture of augmentin and metronidazole with propylene glycol as vehicle using two different techniques of LSTR; no-instrumentation and minimum instrumentation in a single visit. Postoperative clinical evaluation was done in one week, one month, three months and six months and radiographic evaluation was done in one month, three months and six months.

Result: Clinical and radiographic success rate was found to be 79.4% in no-instrumentation and 97% in minimum instrumentation technique. Chi square-test was done to assess the statistically significant difference where confidence interval was set at 95%. The minimum instrumentation technique was highly significantly than the no-instrumentation technique, based on clinical and radiographic findings (p<0.05).

Conclusions: Lesion Sterilization and Tissue Repair with minimum instrumentation technique has shown better clinical and radiographic success rate as compared to no-instrumentation technique. Augmentin and metronidazole can be used, as the mixture has shown good clinical and radiographic outcome, and minimal side effects.

Augmentin; lesion sterilization and tissue repair; metronidazole; minimum instrumentation; no-instrumentation.